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| CLTH.OB > SEC Filings for CLTH.OB > Form 10-Q on 13-Nov-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
13-Nov-2009
Quarterly Report
• our ability to maintain and enforce our exclusive rights to our technologies,
• our ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms to continue developing our technologies;
• the demand for and production costs of various energy products made from our biomass,
• competition from other alternative energy technologies, and
• other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements
are based upon reasonable assumptions, it is not possible to foresee or identify
all factors that could have a material and negative impact on our future
performance. The forward-looking statements in this report are made on the basis
of management's assumptions and analyses as of the time the statements are made,
in light of their experience and perception of historical conditions, expected
future developments and other factors believed to be appropriate under the
circumstances.
Company Overview
The following discussion of our company overview and plan of operation should be
read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes to the
financial statements included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains
forward-looking statements that relate to future events or our future financial
performance. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and
other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity or
performance to be materially different from any future results, levels of
activity or performance. These risks and other factors include, among others,
those listed under "Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information."
We are a development stage company that has recently changed its focus from
being a fully integrated cellulosic ethanol producer to being a provider of
cellulosic biomass derived from municipal solid waste, also known as MSW, for
any energy product. Previously, our business focused on utilizing the following
technologies to produce ethanol:
• a pressurized steam classification technology, which we refer to as the
"PSC" technology, invented at the University of Alabama, Huntsville that
used a pressurized steam classification vessel to convert MSW into
cellulosic material while simultaneously segregating and eliminating any
inorganic materials in the solid waste and cleaning recyclable materials
in the MSW;
• a sulfuric acid hydrolysis process, which we refer to as the "Brelsford" technology, developed by Brelsford Engineering, Inc. that employs an acid hydrolysis process to convert cellulosic material into fermentable sugars, which can then be fermented into ethanol, and;
• a nitric acid hydrolysis process, which we refer to as our "HFTA" technology, developed by scientists working at the University of California, Berkeley, that incorporates anticipated improvements in chemical reaction by which acid hydrolysis occurs.
In January 2008, we purchased a small scale unit designed to operate the HFTA
technology from the University of California Berkeley and moved this unit to the
Hazen Research facility in Golden Colorado. The unit was reconstructed and used
to analyze the sugar content obtainable from a variety of biomass derived from
different sources of garbage and waste paper. Based on these results, we
determined that there are sufficient amounts of sugars obtainable from the
biomass we derive from garbage to warrant further development and potential
commercialization of the HFTA technology.
In September 2008, we acquired the exclusive rights to a Biomass Recovery System
developed by Anthony Noll that we refer to as our Biomass Recovery Process,
which is technology comprised of improvements to the patent we acquired in
October 2008. Our rights to use the Biomass Recovery Process technology permit
us to use the biomass we derive from MSW to produce all energy products. In
October 2008, we acquired the patent for the PSC technology from World Waste
Technologies ("WWT"), who previously had purchased the patent from the
University of Alabama Huntsville. As a result, we became the licensor of the PSC
technology to Bio-Products International, Inc. ("Bio-Products") under its Master
License Agreement. Bio-Products was the sublicensor of the PSC technology to us.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, Brelsford Engineering, Inc. terminated our
license to the Brelsford technology for non-payment of certain fees. We have
decided not to use this technology going forward in our operations and thus have
written off the remaining asset as of December 31, 2008. The impairment loss of
$97,500 is included in research and development expense on the statement of
operations for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Since early 2008, we had been in litigation against Bio-Products regarding our
use of the PSC technology as a sublicensee. In March 2009, we entered into a
Settlement Agreement with Bio-Products settling all of these claims. Pursuant to
the Settlement Agreement, in addition to a customary mutual release,
Bio-Products entered into a covenant not to sue whereby Bio-Products and its
related parties agreed to permit us to use the Biomass Recovery Process
technology worldwide, for any product that we desire and with no royalty due to
Bio-Products. We also mutually terminated the License Agreement with
Bio-Products that had granted to us a sublicense to use the PSC technology. As a
result, we have no further obligations thereunder. Due to our ownership of the
patent covering the PSC technology, we continue to be the licensor of the PSC
technology to Bio-Products under the Master License Agreement. As a result of
the Settlement Agreement, we are now capable of using the Biomass Recovery
Process technology to produce any energy product that we desire and are no
longer limited to production of fuel grade ethanol in the United States.
We were originally incorporated in 1996 as Long Road Entertainment, Inc., and
were formed to operate as a holding company for businesses in the theater,
motion picture and entertainment industries. We ceased conducting that business
in 2005 and were dormant until the fall of 2006, at which time our founder and
then controlling stockholder decided to pursue the sale of the company. In
anticipation of that sale, we changed our name to Alternative Ethanol
Technologies, Inc.
On March 27, 2007, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and
Reorganization in which we agreed to acquire SRS Energy, Inc., a Delaware
corporation that is the holder of the technology licenses. Pursuant to the
merger agreement, SRS Acquisition Sub, our wholly-owned subsidiary, merged into
SRS Energy with SRS Energy as the surviving corporation. We consummated the
merger on May 31, 2007 resulting in SRS Energy becoming our wholly-owned
subsidiary. Effective August 2, 2007, we changed our name to CleanTech Biofuels,
Inc.
SRS Energy was originally formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Supercritical
Recovery Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation, in July 2004. At that time,
Supercritical Recovery Systems was a licensee of various technologies for the
processing of waste materials into usable products. While investigating
different technologies, Supercritical Recovery Systems was introduced to the PSC
and Brelsford technologies and secured licenses to the technologies in SRS
Energy. Prior to our acquisition of SRS Energy, Supercritical Recovery Systems
distributed approximately 80% of its ownership of SRS Energy to the stockholders
of Supercritical Recovery Systems. Since our acquisition of SRS Energy,
Supercritical Recovery Systems has ceased its business activities with respect
to licensing other technologies.
We have no operating history as a producer of biomass feedstocks or any energy
products and have not constructed any commercial operating plants to date. We
have no operating revenues to date and expect that our current capital and other
existing resources will be sufficient only to complete a portion of the testing
of our technologies and to provide a limited amount of working capital. The
Company will require substantial additional capital to implement its business
plan and it may be unable to obtain the capital required to do so. If we are not
able to timely and successfully raise additional capital and/or achieve
profitability or positive cash flow, we will be required to delay our
development and may not be able to implement our business plan.
Recent Developments
Beginning in April 2009, the Company commenced a second offering of units
comprised of a convertible promissory note and a warrant. As of November 9,
2009, the Company has received $642,500 in investment proceeds. Each convertible
promissory note carries a one-year term and a 6% interest rate. In addition,
each note can be converted into shares of the Company's common stock, par value
$0.001 per share (the "Common Stock"), at $0.08 per share, at the Note holder's
option. Each note was issued with a warrant to purchase additional shares of
Common Stock to provide 100% coverage of the Note at a price of $0.30 per share.
Under the first offering of units comprised of a convertible promissory note and
warrants, which is now closed, the Company received $642,000 in investment
proceeds.
During the first quarter of 2009, we constructed a small-scale test vessel. This
vessel has operated in Kentucky beginning in April 2009 processing approximately
12 tons of MSW. The biomass will be and has been tested as a feedstock in energy
conversion technologies that are ready for commercialization.
In July 2009, the Company entered into a joint research agreement with
Fiberight, LLC ("Fiberight"), to establish the anticipated yields and operating
costs from using biomass produced by us for the production of ethanol using
Fiberight's proprietary enzymatic processes. Under the agreement, we provided
approximately 2000 pounds of biomass feedstock derived from MSW from the City of
Chicago to use in Fiberight's conversion technology.
In August 2009, the Company entered into a joint research agreement with GeoSyn
Fuels, L.L.C. ("GeoSyn") whereby the Company provided GeoSyn with biomass
feedstock derived from MSW from the City of Chicago for GeoSyn's testing of
their proprietary process for converting biomass into ethanol and other
products.
In July 2009, we reached a settlement in the litigation with Duluth Venture
Capital Partners, L.L.C. ("Duluth") pursuant to which all claims against the
Company and its officers and directors were dismissed with prejudice. The
settlement agreement required the Company to remove stop transfer orders
previously placed on shares of its Common Stock registered in the name of Duluth
and make a payment of $25,000 to Duluth. This payment was advanced by the
Company and has been recouped by the Company pursuant to an agreement with its
insurance carrier.
The Company had a note payable to WWT in the amount of $450,000 and warrants to
purchase 900,000 shares of Common Stock at a price of $0.45 per share and
warrants to purchase an additional 900,000 shares of Common Stock at a price of
$0.45 contingent on payment of the note by July 22, 2009 (the original maturity
date). WWT assigned all of its rights, title and interest in the note, warrants,
security agreement and purchase agreement to Vertex Energy, Inc. ("Vertex") as a
result of a merger in March 2009. We entered into amendments dated July 23, 2009
whereby: (i) the Company paid 10% of the original note and all accrued interest
to date, (ii) all previous warrants (totaling 1,800,000) were reissued at a
price of $0.11 with no contingencies and (iii) the remaining payments on the
note were scheduled to be paid on October 22, 2009 (50% of principal plus
accrued interest to date not yet paid) and January 22, 2010 (remaining principal
and accrued interest to date). We entered into amendments dated October 22, 2009
whereby: (i) the October 22, 2009 payment was deferred until November 22, 2009
and (ii) we issued additional warrants to Vertex for 500,000 shares of Common
Stock at a price of $0.10 per share. The warrants are exercisable at any time
for five years from the date of issuance or reissuance.
Plan of Operation
The following discussion of our plan of operation should be read in conjunction
with the financial statements and related notes to the financial statements
included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking
statements that relate to future events or our future financial performance.
These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity or performance to
be materially different from any future results, levels of activity or
performance. These risks and other factors include, among others, those listed
under "Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information."
Our company was initially conceived as a fully-integrated producer of cellulosic
ethanol using a technology for cleaning and separating municipal solid waste,
also known as MSW, into its component parts, which we refer to as the PSC
technology and a dilute acid hydrolysis technology developed by Brelsford
Engineering, Inc. To further enhance our ability to produce ethanol, in 2008 we
licensed a technology that uses nitric acid to hydrolize biomass into ethanol.
The technology developed at the University of California Berkeley is controlled
by HFTA, Inc. pursuant to a Master License Agreement with the University of
California Berkeley and sublicensed to us for the production of ethanol from
MSW.
Based on our investigation and acquisition of new technologies and research and
development of our existing technologies in 2008, we have re-focused our
business on the commercialization of our technology for cleaning and separating
MSW into its component parts through the acquisition of further technology to
clean and separate MSW, which we refer to as the Biomass Recovery Process and is
currently in use in a commercial setting in Australia. As a result, we believe
this technology is ready for commercial implementation in the United States and
elsewhere. In furtherance of our new focus, we have begun evaluating potential
commercial projects using our technology.
Biomass Feedstock Production
We previously were seeking to construct an operating commercial plant in
Chicago, Illinois. Recently, the waste hauling company we were working with in
the Chicago area was acquired by Waste Management, Inc. At this time we are not
certain whether we will seek to work with Waste Management, Inc. to develop the
Chicago market. Our long-term intentions are to develop this market, but we are
currently evaluating our options to do so in light of the recent acquisition.
We are also seeking to develop a plant in a major metropolitan area. We are
currently working with an existing waste hauler, to develop one or more waste
transfer stations where waste collected will be processed using our technology
and the biomass produced used to create heat and power.
We are also seeking to implement our technology in Maryville, Missouri. In
September 2009, a member of our board of directors, Dr. David Bransby, filed a
grant request with the United States Department of Energy, seeking $5.0 million
in funding. If this grant is awarded we intend to use the funding to install one
of our vessels at a waste facility in Maryville, Missouri. The biomass we
produce will be supplied to Northwest Missouri State University for research
purposes in advanced biofuel technologies and to supply steam for the
University. The University has used biomass to produce steam for more than
twenty years and has significant experience in handling biomass feedstocks.
We have completed construction of a small test vessel in Kentucky. Beginning in
April 2009, this vessel has processed approximately 12 tons of MSW into
approximately 4-5 tons of biomass. We are providing the biomass produced during
this testing phase to a variety of fuel producers who are evaluating the biomass
we produce from MSW as a feedstock for their technologies. In addition to the
developments we are currently contemplating, other development opportunities
have been presented to us and we are currently evaluating those potential
developments. Also, a variety of federal, state and local stimulus funds, grant
opportunities, loan guarantees and other programs have recently been announced
or are expected to be announced in the near-term that have opened a variety of
new development opportunities for the Company. On October 15, 2009, we filed
final applications for Section 48C with respect to our proposed developments in
Maryville, Missouri and in the St. Louis area. We anticipate filing additional
grant and loan applications for governmental assistance in the near-term future.
Upon operating a plant and after refining our know-how with respect to
implementation of the technology, we intend to seek to partner with waste
haulers, landfill owners and municipalities to implement the technology across
the United States and internationally.
The further implementation of the commercial plants described above will require
significant additional capital, which we currently do not have. We cannot
provide any assurance that we will be able to raise this additional capital. We
anticipate that financing for the project in the St. Louis area will be provided
in large part via tax exempt bond financing. In addition, we intend to seek
funding and loan guarantees from local, state and federal authorities.
Diesel Fuel Production
We previously anticipated completing an agreement with Green Power, Inc. ("Green
Power") to provide biomass for testing at Green Power's facility and if that is
successful, to build a 200 ton per day MSW processing station to provide biomass
for an existing 100 ton per day diesel fuel production plant. To date we have
not been able to reach an agreement as to the nature and amount of biomass to be
produced. These issues and a number of other items will be required to be
resolved before we are able to complete any agreement with Green Power. We have
not completed an agreement to date and there can be no assurance that we will
complete any agreement and proceed with this development.
New Technologies; Commercializing Existing Technologies
Because of our unique ability to produce a clean, homogenous biomass feedstock,
we are frequently presented with the opportunity to partner with or acquire new
technologies. In addition to developing our current technologies, we will
continue to add technologies to our suite of solutions that complement our core
operations. We believe that our current technologies and aspects of those in
development will enable us to eventually expand our business to use organic
material from other waste streams such as municipal bio-solids from waste water
facilities and animal waste for fuel production.
To commercialize this technology, we intend to:
• construct and operate a commercial plant that processes MSW into
cellulosic biomass for combustion in existing co-fired boilers for power;
• identify and partner with landfill owners, waste haulers and municipalities to identify locations suitable for our technology; and
• pursue additional opportunities to implement our technology in commercial settings at transfer stations and landfills in the United States and elsewhere in the world.
Our ability to implement this strategy will depend on our ability to raise significant amounts of additional capital and to hire appropriate managers and staff. Our success will also depend on a variety of market forces and other developments beyond our control.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth the amounts of expenses and changes represented
by certain items reflected in our consolidated statements of operations for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008:
Three months ended
Sept 30, 2009 Sept 30, 2008 Change
General and administrative $ 288,740 $ 99,204 $ 189,536
Professional fees 64,657 90,284 (25,627 )
Research and development - 40,271 (40,271 )
Operating loss 353,397 229,759 123,638
Other expense (income):
Interest expense 253,657 3,314 250,343
Amortization of technology license - 3,750 (3,750 )
Other income - - -
Interest income (3,431 ) (3 ) (3,428 )
Net loss applicable to common stockholders $ 603,623 $ 236,820 $ 366,803
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General and administrative - The increase in expense in 2009 is due primarily to
accruing salaries for all employees in 2009 compared to salary earned only by
the CEO in 2008, an increase of approximately $47,000 in share-based
compensation expense and $44,000 in increased marketing expenses.
Professional Fees - The decrease in 2009 is due primarily to a reduction in
legal fees.
Research and Development - The decrease in 2009 is due primarily to a shift in
focus in our plan of operation from a fully-integrated producer of cellulosic
ethanol to the commercialization of our technology for cleaning and separating
MSW into its component parts as described earlier in this report.
Interest expense - The increase in 2009 is due primarily to the amortization of
approximately $230,000 of discounts related to various notes and approximately
$22,000 in interest on those notes. These notes were issued from October 2008
through September 2009 and thus no interest was incurred during the three months
ended September 30, 2008.
Amortization - The asset related to this amortization was written off as of
December 31, 2008 as we no longer plan to use the technology in our plan of
operations going forward. As we have not yet commenced our operations, we have
no amortization in 2009 for our current technology assets.
Interest income - The interest income in 2009 is for interest earned on the
notes receivable from our directors, executive officers and consultants related
to the issuance of restricted stock.
Nine months ended
Sept 30, 2009 Sept 30, 2008 Change
General and administrative $ 877,567 $ 400,534 $ 477,033
Professional fees 257,231 281,176 (23,945 )
Research and development 101 277,187 (277,086 )
Operating loss 1,134,899 958,897 176,002
Other expense (income):
Interest expense 725,949 27,201 698,748
Amortization of technology license - 11,250 (11,250 )
Other income (32,000 ) - (32,000 )
Interest income (7,938 ) (5,982 ) (1,956 )
Net loss applicable to common stockholders $ 1,820,910 $ 991,366 $ 829,544
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General and administrative - The increase in expense in 2009 is due primarily to
accruing salaries for all employees in 2009 compared to salary earned only by
the CEO in 2008, an increase of approximately $142,000 in share-based
compensation expense and $85,000 in increased marketing expenses.
Professional Fees - The decrease in 2009 is due primarily to a reduction in
legal fees.
Research and Development - The decrease in 2009 is due primarily to a shift in
focus in our plan of operation from a fully-integrated producer of cellulosic
ethanol to the commercialization of our technology for cleaning and separating
MSW into its component parts as described earlier in this report.
Interest expense - The increase in 2009 is due primarily to the amortization of
approximately $660,000 of discounts related to various notes and approximately
$65,000 interest on those notes. These notes were issued from October 2008
through September 2009 and thus no interest was incurred during the nine months
ended September 30, 2008. This increase in interest was offset partially by
reduced interest expense in 2009 on our Series A Convertible Notes as all but
$140,000 of the notes were converted by the end of April 2008.
Amortization - The asset related to this amortization was written off as of
December 31, 2008 as we no longer plan to use the technology in our plan of
operations going forward. As we have not yet commenced our operations, we have
no amortization in 2009 for our current technology assets.
Other income - The income in 2009 is for the leasing of our HFTA equipment,
which expired on May 31, 2009, and the subsequent sale of this equipment.
Interest income - The income in 2008 is primarily interest on $450,000 of
promissory notes issued to us as part of the consideration for the issuance of
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