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| GLG > SEC Filings for GLG > Form 10-Q on 9-Nov-2009 | All Recent SEC Filings |
9-Nov-2009
Quarterly Report
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our
unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes
included in or incorporated into Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q, and our audited combined and consolidated financial statements and related
notes and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2008. The information contained in this section contains
forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ significantly from the
results suggested by these forward-looking statements and our historical results
as a result of certain risks and uncertainties which are described in Risk
Factors referred to in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
General
Our Business
We are a U.S.-listed asset management company offering our clients a diverse
range of alternative and traditional investment products and account management
services. Our primary business is to provide investment management advisory
services for various investment funds and companies (the "GLG Funds") and
accounts we manage. We currently derive our revenues primarily from management
fees and administration fees charged to the GLG Funds and accounts we manage
based on the value of the assets in these funds and accounts, and performance
fees charged to the GLG Funds and accounts we manage based on the performance of
these funds and accounts. Substantially all of our assets under management, or
AUM, are attributable to third-party investors, and the funds and accounts we
manage are not consolidated into our financial statements. As of September 30,
2009, our net AUM (net of assets invested in other GLG Funds) were approximately
$21.6 billion, as compared to approximately $19.1 billion as of June 30, 2009
and $17.3 billion as of September 30, 2008. As of September 30, 2009, our gross
AUM (including assets invested in other GLG Funds) were approximately
$24.0 billion, as compared to approximately $21.6 billion as of June 30, 2009
and $21.2 billion as of September 30, 2008.
On December 19, 2008, we entered into (i) an agreement with Société Générale
Asset Management to acquire Société Générale Asset Management UK ("SGAM UK"),
Société Générale's UK long-only asset management business, for £4.5 million
(approximately $6.5 million) in cash and (ii) a sub-advisory agreement with SGAM
UK related to approximately $3.0 billion of AUM. On April 3, 2009, we completed
the acquisition of SGAM UK's operations, which had approximately $7.0 billion of
AUM as of that date, and its investment and support staff, based primarily in
London, and the sub-advisory agreement terminated.
On November 2, 2007, we completed the acquisition (the "Acquisition") of GLG
Partners Limited, GLG Holdings Limited, Mount Granite Limited, Albacrest
Corporation, Liberty Peak Ltd., GLG Partners Services Limited, Mount Garnet
Limited, Betapoint Corporation, Knox Pines Ltd., GLG Partners Asset Management
Limited and GLG Partners (Cayman) Limited (each, an "Acquired Company" and
collectively, the "Acquired Companies") pursuant to a Purchase Agreement dated
as of June 22, 2007 (the "Purchase Agreement") among us, our wholly owned
subsidiaries, FA Sub 1 Limited, FA Sub 2 Limited and FA Sub 3 Limited, Jared
Bluestein, as the buyers' representative, Noam Gottesman, as the sellers'
representative, and the equity holders of the Acquired Companies (the "GLG
Shareowners").
Effective upon the consummation of the Acquisition, (1) each Acquired Company
became a subsidiary of ours, (2) the business and assets of the Acquired
Companies and certain affiliated entities (collectively, the "GLG Entities")
became our only operations and (3) we changed our name to GLG Partners, Inc.
In exchange for their equity interests in the Acquired Companies, the GLG
Shareowners received:
• $976,107,300 in cash;
• $23,892,700 in promissory notes in lieu of all of the cash consideration payable to electing GLG Shareowners;
• 230,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which consists of:
• 138,095,007 shares of our common stock, including 10,000,000 shares of our common stock issued for the benefit of our employees, service providers and certain key personnel under our 2007 Restricted Stock Plan (the "Restricted Stock Plan");
• 33,000,000 shares of our common stock payable by us upon exercise of certain put or call rights with respect to 33,000,000 ordinary shares issued by FA Sub 1 Limited to certain GLG Shareowners. Each of the ordinary shares issued by FA Sub 1 Limited to these GLG Shareowners has been put by the holder to us in exchange for one share of our common stock; and
• 58,904,993 shares of our common stock to be issued upon the exchange of 58,904,993 Exchangeable Shares (the "Exchangeable Shares") issued by FA Sub 2 Limited to certain GLG Shareowners. Each Exchangeable Share is exchangeable at any time at the election of the holder for one share of our common stock; and
• 58,904,993 shares of our Series A preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share issued with the corresponding Exchangeable Shares which carry only voting rights and nominal economic rights and which will automatically be redeemed on a share-for-share basis as Exchangeable Shares are exchanged for shares of our common stock.
The aggregate of $1.0 billion in cash and promissory notes necessary to pay
the cash portion of the purchase price to the GLG Shareowners was financed
through a combination of (1) approximately $571.1 million of proceeds raised in
our initial public offering and the co-investment by the sponsors of Freedom
Acquisition Holdings, Inc., Berggruen Holdings North America Ltd. and Marlin
Equities II, LLC, immediately prior to the consummation of the Acquisition and
(2) bank debt financing of $530.0 million of the $570.0 million available under
the credit facilities. The remaining capacity under the credit facilities was
drawn down for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Acquisition was accounted for as a reverse acquisition. The combined
group composed of the Acquired Companies has been treated as the acquiring
entity and the continuing reporting entity for accounting purposes. Upon
completion of the Acquisition, our assets and liabilities were recorded at
historical cost and added to those of the Acquired Companies. Because we had no
active business operations prior to consummation of the Acquisition, the
Acquisition was accounted for as a recapitalization of the Acquired Companies.
In this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations, references to "GLG" should be taken to refer to the
combined business of the GLG Entities prior to November 2, 2007, and references
to "we", "us, "our" and "the Company" shall be taken to refer to the business of
GLG Partners, Inc. and its subsidiaries from and after November 2, 2007.
Factors Affecting Our Business
Our business and results of operations are impacted by the following factors:
• Assets under management. Our revenues from management and administration
fees are directly linked to AUM. As a result, our future performance will
depend on, among other things, our ability to retain AUM, the mix of our AUM
between different products and associated fee rates and to grow AUM from
existing and new products.
• Fund and managed account performance. Our revenues from performance fees are linked to the performance of the GLG Funds and accounts we manage. Performance also affects AUM because it influences investors' decisions to invest assets in, or withdraw assets from, the GLG Funds and accounts managed by us.
• Currency exchange rates. The GLG Funds typically offer share classes denominated in multiple currencies and as a result, earn fees in those currencies based on the AUM denominated in those currencies. Consequently, our fee revenues are affected by exchange rate movements.
• Personnel, systems, controls and infrastructure. We depend on our ability to attract, retain and motivate leading investment and other professionals. Our business requires significant investment in our fund management platform, including infrastructure and back-office personnel. We have in the past paid, and expect to continue in the future to pay, these professionals significant compensation, even during periods we are not profitable, as well as a share of our profits.
• Fee rates. Our management and administration, service and distribution fee revenues are linked to the fee rates we charge the GLG Funds and accounts we manage as a percentage of their AUM. Our performance fees are linked to the rates we charge the GLG Funds and accounts we manage as a percentage of their performance-driven asset growth, subject to "high water marks", whereby performance fees are earned by us only to the extent that the net asset value of an investors shares in a GLG Fund or the net asset value of an account we manage at the end of a measurement period exceeds the highest net asset value on a preceding measurement period end for which we earned performance fees, and/or subject, in some cases, to performance hurdles.
In addition, our business and results of operations may be affected by a
number of external market factors. These include global asset allocation trends,
regulatory developments and overall macroeconomic activity. Due to these and
other factors, our operating results may reflect significant volatility from
period to period.
We operate in only one business segment, the management of global investment
funds and accounts.
Critical Accounting Policies
For the period from and after November 2, 2007, our accounts are presented
based on the consolidated financial statements of GLG Partners, Inc. and its
consolidated subsidiaries.
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the
use of estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and
the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and other income. Actual results
could differ materially from these estimates. The following is a summary of our
critical accounting policies that are most affected by judgments, estimates and
assumptions.
Combination and Consolidation Criteria
Upon consummation of the Acquisition, the GLG Entities became our wholly
owned subsidiaries and from that date the financial statements have been
prepared on a consolidated basis and consolidate those entities over which the
legal parent, GLG Partners, Inc., has control over significant operating,
financial or investing decisions.
We consolidate certain entities we control through a majority voting interest
or otherwise in which we are presumed to have control. All intercompany
transactions and balances have been eliminated.
We have determined that the majority of GLG Funds that we manage are Variable
Interest Entities in that the management contract cannot be terminated by a
simple majority of unrelated investors. We have determined that we are not the
Primary Beneficiary and, accordingly, we do not consolidate any of the GLG
Funds. We earn substantially all of our revenue from the GLG Funds and managed
accounts. In addition, the Acquisition-related cash compensation has been
invested in two GLG Funds, and our results are exposed to changes in the fair
value of these funds.
Assets Under Management
Our assets under management, AUM, are comprised of cash balances,
discretionary managed accounts and fund assets. The net asset value (NAV) of AUM
related to discretionary managed accounts is determined by the third party
custodian of those accounts. Our related management, administration and
performance fees are determined pursuant to the terms of the respective clients'
investment management agreement, which in turn refer to the NAV of those
accounts as determined by the custodian. The NAV of fund assets in the GLG Funds
is determined by the third party administrator of the GLG Funds. The
administrators
of the GLG Funds utilize the fair value methodology described below in
determining the NAV of the respective fund assets.
Management, administration and performance fees depend on, among other
things, the fair value of AUM. The fair value of financial instruments traded in
active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives and trading securities) is
based on closing quoted market prices at the balance sheet date. The quoted
value of financial assets and liabilities not traded in an active market that
are held by the funds is the current "mid" price based on prices from multiple
broker quotes and/or prices obtained from recognized financial data service
providers. When a fund holds OTC derivatives it uses mid-market prices as a
basis for establishing fair values. Futures and options are valued based on
closing market prices. Forward and swap contracts are valued based on current
observable market inputs and/or prices obtained from recognized financial data
service providers.
For investments that do not have a readily ascertainable market value, such
as private placements of equity and debt securities, the most recent transaction
price is utilized as the best available information related to the fair value of
the investment. Events and developments related to the underlying portfolio
companies are continuously monitored and carefully considered to determine if a
change to the current carrying value is warranted. For investments where it is
determined that the most recent transaction price is not the best indicator of
fair value, fair value is determined by using a number of methodologies and
procedures, including but not limited to: (1) performing comparisons with prices
of comparable or similar securities; (2) obtaining valuation-related information
from issuers; (3) discounted cash flow models; (4) related transactions
subsequent to the acquisition of the investment; and/or (5) consulting other
analytical data and indicators of value. The methodologies and processes used
will be based on the specific attributes related to an investment and available
market data and comparative information, depending on the most reliable
information at the time.
The prospectus for each GLG Fund sets out the procedure shareholders of the
GLG Funds are required to follow in order to redeem their investment, which
includes the notice period. Investors are required to provide the relevant GLG
Fund with written notice of a redemption request prior to the specified deadline
for the requested redemption date (defined as a Dealing Day). The table below
sets forth the typical range of notice periods which apply to the GLG Funds.
Such redemption request is irrevocable but may, with the approval of any
director of the relevant GLG Fund, be cancelled at any point prior to the
business day prior to the relevant Dealing Day (defined as the Valuation Day).
Product General Range of Redemption Request Advance Notice Periods* Single-manager alternative strategy funds 5-60 days Long-only funds 1-5 days Internal FoF 1-30 days External FoF 45-90 days |
* Days are defined in the prospectus of each GLG Fund and the definition may be business days or calendar days depending on the GLG Fund
Revenue Recognition
Performance Fees
Performance fee rates are calculated where applicable as a percentage of
investment gains less management and administration fees, subject to "high water
marks" and in some cases performance hurdles with a measurement period of
generally six months. Funds subject to performance hurdles are: most long-only
funds, four external FoFs, seven single-manager alternative strategy funds, four
130/30 funds, and certain managed accounts.
We do not recognize performance fee revenues until the end of the measurement
period when the amounts are contractually payable, or "crystallized".
The majority of the GLG Funds and accounts managed by us have contractual
measurement periods that end on each of June 30 and December 31. As a result,
the performance fee revenues for our first fiscal quarter and third fiscal
quarter results generally, do not reflect revenues from uncrystallized
performance fees during these three-month periods. These revenues will be
reflected instead at the end of the fiscal quarter in which such fees
crystallize.
Compensation and Limited Partner Profit Share
Compensation expense related to performance fees is accrued during the period
for which the related performance fee revenue is recognized and is adjusted as
appropriate based on year-to-date profitability and revenues recognized on a
year-to-date basis.
We also have a limited partner profit share arrangement which remunerates
certain individuals through distributions of profits from two of our
subsidiaries, GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners Services LP, paid either to two
limited liability partnerships in which those individuals are members or
directly to certain individuals who are limited partners of GLG Partners
Services LP. Through these partnership interests and under the terms of services
agreements between the subsidiaries and the limited liability partnerships,
these individuals are entitled to priority draws and an additional discretionary
share of the profits earned by the subsidiaries. These partnership draws and
profit share distributions are referred to as "limited partner profit shares"
and are discussed further under "- Expenses - Compensation, Benefits and Partner
Profit Share" below. Charges related to the limited partner profit share
arrangement are recognized as operating expenses as the related revenues are
recognized and associated services provided.
Equity-Based Compensation
Prior to December 31, 2006, GLG had not granted any equity-based awards. In
March 2007, GLG established the equity participation plan to provide certain key
individuals, limited partnership interests in two limited partnerships, Sage
Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP, with the right to receive a
percentage of the proceeds derived from an initial public offering relating to
the Acquired Companies or a third-party sale of the Acquired Companies. Upon
consummation of the Acquisition, Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP
received collectively 15% of the total consideration of cash and our capital
stock payable to the owners of the Acquired Companies in the Acquisition. The
equity participation plan is subdivided into an "A Sub-Plan" and a "B Sub-Plan".
These limited partnerships distributed to A Sub-Plan limited partners an
aggregate of 25% of such amounts upon consummation of the Acquisition, and the
remaining 75% are distributable to the limited partners in three equal
installments upon vesting over a three-year period on the first, second and
third anniversaries of the consummation of the Acquisition, subject to the
ability of the general partners of the limited partnerships, whose respective
boards of directors consist of the Trustees, to accelerate vesting. B Sub-Plan
member entitlements vest in equal installments on the first, second, third and
fourth anniversaries of the consummation of the Acquisition subject to the
ability of the general partners of the limited partnerships, whose respective
boards of directors consist of the Trustees, to accelerate vesting. The unvested
portion of such amounts will be subject to forfeiture back to Sage Summit LP and
Lavender Heights Capital LP (and not to us) in the event of termination of the
individual as a limited partner prior to each vesting date, unless such
termination is without cause after there has been a change in control of our
company or due to death or disability. To the extent awards granted under the
equity participation plan are forfeited, these amounts may be reallocated by
Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP to their then existing or future
limited partners (i.e., participants in the plan) subject to vesting over
specified periods. Because forfeited awards are returned to the limited
partnerships, and not to us, the forfeited shares remain issued and outstanding
and the cash and shares held by the limited partnerships may be reallocated
without further dilution to our shareholders. The equity instruments issued
under this plan are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date, which
date is typically upon the inception of the services that will be performed,
remeasured at subsequent dates to the extent the awards are unvested, and
amortized into expense over the vesting period on an accelerated basis.
Ten million shares of our common stock, which were part of the purchase price
in respect of the Acquisition, were reserved for allocation under the Restricted
Stock Plan. Of these shares, 9,877,000 shares were allocated to our employees,
service providers and certain key personnel in November 2007. As of
September 30, 2009, 2,198,000 shares under the Restricted Stock Plan were
unallocated following forfeitures (net of new allocations). These awards are
subject to vesting, typically over four years, which may be accelerated. In
2007, we also adopted the 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2007 LTIP") under
which we were authorized to issue up to 40,000,000 shares and which, other than
with respect to outstanding awards, was terminated and replaced in its entirety
by the 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2009 LTIP"), adopted by our board of
directors and approved by our shareholders on May 11, 2009. The 2009 LTIP
authorizes the delivery of a maximum of 40,000,000 shares, in addition to the
approximately 6,100,000 shares that
remained available for awards under the 2007 LTIP as of May 11, 2009. In
addition, to the extent that any outstanding awards under our 2007 LTIP are
canceled, forfeited or otherwise lapse unexercised pursuant to the terms of that
plan, the shares underlying those awards will be available for awards under the
2009 LTIP.
References herein to the "LTIP" shall in context be to the 2007 LTIP and the
2009 LTIP. As of September 30, 2009, there were a total of 43,293,245 shares
available for awards under the LTIP. The LTIP provides for the grants of
incentive and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, common
stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and
performance shares to employees, service providers, non-employee directors and
certain key personnel who hold direct or indirect limited partnership interests
in certain GLG entities. Shares of restricted stock awarded under the Restricted
Stock Plan and the LTIP are issued and outstanding shares, except in the case of
awards under these plans to personnel who are members of the limited partner
profit share arrangement in which case shares are issued and become outstanding
only as the awards vest. Unvested awards under the LTIP and Restricted Stock
Plan which are forfeited, to the extent shares are issued, are returned to us
and canceled.
In addition, the Principals and the Trustees have entered into an agreement
among principals and trustees which provides that, in the event a Principal
voluntarily terminates his employment with us for any reason prior to the fifth
anniversary of the closing of the Acquisition, a portion of the equity interests
held by that Principal and his related Trustee as of the closing of the
Acquisition will be forfeited to the Principals who are still employed by us and
their related Trustees. The agreement provides for vesting of 17.5% on the
consummation of the Acquisition, and 16.5% on each of the first through fifth
anniversaries of the Acquisition.
All of these arrangements will be amortized into expense over the applicable
vesting period using the accelerated method. As a result, following the
completion of the Acquisition, compensation and benefits reflect the
amortization of significant non-cash equity-based compensation expenses
associated with the vesting of these equity-based awards, which under GAAP acts
to reduce our net income and may result in net losses.
GAAP requires a company to estimate the cost of share-based payment awards
based on estimated fair values. The value of the portion of the award that is
ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service
period. For awards with performance conditions, we will make an evaluation at
the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the performance
targets being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for
subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the performance conditions until
the vesting date. GAAP requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant
and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ
from those estimates.
At the initial grant date of our equity awards on November 2, 2007,
management made the following assumptions with respect to forfeiture rates:
• The size of the awards to employees, service providers and key personnel
under the equity participation plan and 2007 LTIP was considered to be a
substantial retention incentive;
• Incentives for the awards to employees, service providers and key personnel under the equity participation plan and 2007 LTIP were considered sufficiently large that a zero percent forfeiture rate was estimated, subject to review as actual forfeitures occur;
• Disincentives for forfeiture related to the agreement among principals and trustees were considered to be so punitive that the probability of forfeiture was estimated as zero; and
• For awards under the Restricted Stock Plan, we used different forfeiture rates for individual employees, service providers and key personnel.
Over the course of 2008, we revised our forfeiture assumptions with respect to forfeitures among our stock awards under the Restricted Stock Plan, equity participation plan and LTIP to an assumed rate of 10% per annum. The forfeiture assumption for the agreement among the principals and trustees remains at zero. In the third quarter of 2008, we also changed our forfeiture assumption with respect to forfeitures of the cash component of the equity participation plan to align with the equity component to an assumed rate of 10% per annum.
Income Tax
We earn profits through a number of subsidiaries located in a number of
different jurisdictions, each of which has its own tax system.
Prior to the Acquisition, the only GLG entity earning significant profits
subject to company-level income taxes was GLG Holdings Limited, which was
subject to U.K. corporate income tax. Most of the balance of the profit was
earned by pass-through or other entities that did not incur significant
company-level income taxes.
Following the Acquisition in addition to a portion of our income being
subject to U.K. taxation, U.S. taxation will be imposed on our profits earned
within the United States as well as on our profits earned outside the United
States that are repatriated back to the United States in the form of dividends
or that are classified as Subpart F income for U.S. income tax purposes (e.g,
dividends and interest). We expect to repatriate some of our profits in this
manner and experience U.S. taxation on those repatriated profits. In connection
. . .
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