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MEMS > SEC Filings for MEMS > Form 10-Q on 11-Aug-2008All Recent SEC Filings

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Form 10-Q for MEMSIC INC


11-Aug-2008

Quarterly Report


Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements include any expectation of earnings, revenues, billings or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; factors that may affect our operating results; statements concerning new products or services; statements related to future capital expenditures; statements related to future economic conditions or performance; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "will," "plan," "target," "continue," and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled "Risk Factors" included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

OVERVIEW

We provide advanced semiconductor sensor and system solutions based on integrated MEMS technology and mixed signal circuit design. Our accelerometer products are used to measure tilt, shock, vibration and acceleration, and have a wide range of applications such as mobile phones, automotive safety systems and video projectors. We combine proprietary thermal-based MEMS technology and advanced analog mixed signal processing circuitry design into a single chip using a standard CMOS process. In many instances, this approach allows us to provide sensor solutions at a lower cost, with higher performance and greater functionality than our competitors. In addition, our technology platform allows us to easily integrate additional functions or create new sensors to expand into magnetic, touch and flow sensors and related applications.

We have experienced significant growth since our products were first commercialized in 2001. We shipped more than 37 million units of accelerometers from 2004 through June 30, 2008. In 2007, 2006, and 2005, our net sales totaled $25.3 million, $13.1 million and $9.1 million, respectively. The increases in our unit sales volume and sales revenue during this period were primarily attributable to increases in the sale of our products for mobile phone applications and automotive applications. We expect sales of our accelerometer products to continue to represent a predominant share of our revenue for the foreseeable future. We expect to begin commercial sales of our first non-accelerometer products, including magnetic sensors, in 2008.

We sell our products either to distributors, which then resell to OEMs and ODMs, or to OEM and ODM customers directly. Historically, a small number of our customers have accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue, and sales to our largest distributor customers and OEM and ODM customers have varied significantly. This significant variation is in part due to the fact that our sales are made on the basis of purchase orders rather than long-term contracts. Although our distributors generally provide us with non-binding rolling forecasts, our distributors generally have up to 30 days prior to delivery to cancel or reschedule shipments pursuant to our distribution agreements. This arrangement has added to the fluctuation and unpredictability of our sales. Because our products are a component of our customers' products, our sales performance is significantly affected by the sales performance of our customers' products. It is difficult for us to accurately forecast our product demand because in the case where we sell our products to distributors, we may not know the identity of the distributor's OEM and ODM customers and information regarding their demand.

OEM and ODM customers' products are complex and require significant time to define, design and ramp to volume production. Our sales cycle begins with our marketing and sales staff and application engineers engaging with our OEM and ODM customers' system designers and management, which is typically a multi-month, or even multi-year, process. If such process is successful, an OEM and ODM customer will decide to incorporate our solution in its product, which we refer to as a design-win. Because the sales cycles for our products are long, we incur expenses to develop and sell our products, regardless of whether we achieve the design-win and well in advance of generating revenue, if any, from those expenditures. Although we do not have long-term purchase commitments from any of our distributor customers or OEM and ODM customers, once one of our products is incorporated into an OEM's or ODM's design, it is likely to remain a part of the design for the life cycle of its product. We believe this to be the case because a redesign would generally be time consuming and expensive. We have experienced revenue growth due to an increase in the number of our products offered, an expansion of our customer base, an increase in the number of design-wins within any one OEM and ODM customer and an increase in the average revenue per design-win.


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We manufacture our products utilizing a "semi-fabless" model by outsourcing the production of CMOS wafers and completing the post-CMOS MEMS process in-house. By outsourcing the standard CMOS manufacturing process, we are able to more efficiently manage our capital expenditures and cost of goods sold.

Description of Certain Line Items

Net Sales

Net sales represent gross revenue net of an allowance for the estimated amount of product returns and sales rebates from our customers. Sales to distributors are made pursuant to distributor agreements, which allow for the return of goods under certain circumstances. We recognize revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 48, or SFAS 48. While we sell our products to distributors as well as end customers, sales to distributors account for a significant amount of the total revenue. Prior to August 30, 2007, we deferred recognition of sales to a major distributor, World Peace Industrial Co., Ltd., or WPI, which did not meet the criteria of SFAS 48, until the product was sold through to WPI's OEM and ODM customers. WPI accounted for 55.3 % of our revenue in 2007 and 34.6% of our revenue in 2006. On August 30, 2007, we amended the distributor agreement with WPI to allow returns only upon our approval. Accordingly, the criteria under SFAS 48 have been met for this distributor as of August 30, 2007, and we have recognized revenue upon shipment to WPI for all shipments subsequent to this date. For all shipments to WPI made prior to August 30, 2007, we continued to recognize our revenue upon shipments to its OEM and ODM customers.

Historically, our revenue has been derived primarily from shipments of our accelerometer products. The primary factors that affect our revenue are the sales volumes and average selling prices of our products. The significant increases in our net sales have been primarily attributable to the increases in the unit volumes of our products, particularly those for mobile phone and automotive applications. The average selling prices of our products generally decline over time and are primarily affected by a combination of the following factors:

• the semiconductor market is highly competitive, and as a result, the average selling prices of particular products generally experience rapid declines over the course of their respective product and technology life cycles. This trend has been particularly evident recently in the market for mobile phone applications. We seek to mitigate the impact of this trend on our business by continuing to rapidly design, develop and sell new generations of products with additional functionalities to replace older generation products;

• we may also reduce our product prices as we are able to increase our production yields or to reduce our manufacturing costs, particularly the wafer prices;

• changes in our product mix may affect the average selling prices of our products. Historically, for example, our revenue derived from consumer and mobile phone markets, as a percentage of our total revenue, has increased. Our products for these markets generally have lower average selling prices than products for the automotive market. The average selling prices of products may continue to be affected by our strategy to increase market adoption of our products in certain markets; and

• we occasionally grant discounts or modified payment terms to our large customers or OEM and ODM customers for high volume purchases.

During the second quarter of 2008, we reversed $2.0 million in revenue from the sale of printed circuit boards that were shipped and sold in the first quarter of 2008 for use in the Olympic torch project. Problems experienced by our customer, due in part to the recent earthquake in China, prevented the timely commercial introduction of the Olympic torch, and the customer invoked a clause in its contract with us that permitted the customer to suspend the project in the event of a natural disaster such as an earthquake. As a result, we reversed the previously recognized revenue and the related account receivable in the second quarter.

Net Sales by Application

Net sales from mobile phone applications, as a percentage of total net sales, have increased in recent years, but we expect this trend to stay flat or slightly decrease for the second half of 2008 due to the slowdown of the China mobile phone market. We are taking initiatives to diversify our revenue sources and reduce our exposure to cyclicality in the cellular handset market. Net sales from automotive applications, in absolute terms, have increased, primarily attributable to increases in sales of rollover application products to Autoliv Inc. To increase net sales from the automotive market, we are currently seeking to increase sales from other automotive applications and to expand our customer base. However, revenue increases, if any, from the automotive market will require significant time, as


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the development lead time in this market is generally longer than other markets. Net sales from consumer applications have fluctuated historically as a result of the generally short life cycle of consumer electronics and changes in our customer base. As our product offering and customer base for consumer applications continue to diversify, we expect the net sales from consumer applications to fluctuate less. Revenue from industrial and medical markets historically have been limited, and while we do not expect revenue from these markets to contribute significantly to our total revenue in the near term, we expect revenue from these markets to increase in the longer term, as we increase our penetration of these markets and introduce new products designed for industrial applications.

The following table sets forth our net sales by application for the periods indicated by amount and as a percentage of our net sales (dollar amounts in thousands).

                                 Three months ended                                  Six months ended
                                      June 30,                                           June 30,
                            2008                      2007                     2008                     2007
                   Amount      % of Sales     Amount    % of Sales     Amount    % of Sales     Amount    % of Sales
Mobile Phone *     $ 2,016           55.9 %   $ 2,503         48.8 %   $ 3,024         30.7 %   $ 4,247         45.0 %
Consumer              (138 )         (3.8 )     1,124         21.9       3,279         33.2       2,199         23.3
Automotive           1,335           37.1       1,217         23.7       2,780         28.2       2,252         23.9
Industrial/other       391           10.8         281          5.6         779          7.9         743          7.8

Total              $ 3,604          100.0 %   $ 5,125        100.0 %   $ 9,862        100.0 %   $ 9,441        100.0 %

* Reflects the reversal during the second quarter of 2008 of $2.0 million torch revenue recognized in the first quarter of 2008.

Net Sales by Customer Base

Our customers primarily consist of distributors, OEMs and ODMs. Historically, a small number of our customers have accounted for a substantial portion of our net sales. We expect that significant customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future. Our customers representing 10% or more of our net sales accounted for approximately 71.6%, 65.6% and 60.3%, respectively, of our net sales in 2007, 2006 and 2005.

We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in demand from a significant number of customers, including many of our largest customers. It is difficult for us to accurately forecast our product demand, particularly in the case of sales to our distributors, as we may not know the identity of the distributor's OEM and ODM customers and lack information regarding their demand.

Occasionally, design changes in the products of our OEM and ODM customers have resulted in the loss of sales. For example, a design change in a product of a large OEM customer in 2005 for consumer applications resulted in the loss of our sales to such customer in 2006. That customer accounted for 30.0% of our net sales in 2005.

Net Sales by Geography

Our products are shipped to OEM and ODM customers worldwide. However, we focus on different application markets within geographical regions. In the greater China region, our revenue has historically been primarily derived from products for mobile phone applications. We are also seeking to expand the consumer application market in the greater China region. In Japan, our revenue has primarily been derived from products for consumer applications, particularly projectors. We are also seeking to penetrate the automotive market in Japan. In North America, our revenue has primarily been derived from products for automotive applications. In Europe, our revenue has fluctuated as a result of the gain and subsequent loss of a significant customer for global positioning system, or GPS, applications. We also derive significant revenue from products for automotive applications in Europe.


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The following table sets forth our net sales by geographical region for the periods indicated by amount and as a percentage of our net sales (dollar amounts in thousands).

                                            For Three Months Ended                             For Six Months Ended
                                                   June 30,                                          June 30,
                                         2008                     2007                     2008                     2007
                                 Amount    % of Sales     Amount    % of Sales     Amount    % of Sales     Amount    % of Sales
Asia (excluding Japan) *         $   880         24.4 %   $ 3,025         59.0 %   $ 4,320         43.8 %   $ 5,147         54.5 %
Europe                               299          8.3         253          4.9         687          7.0         502          5.3
Japan                                993         27.6         774         15.1       1,891         19.2       1,609         17.1
North America                      1,432         39.7       1,028         20.1       2,961         30.0       2,136         22.6
Other                                 -            -           45          0.9           3          0.0          47          0.5

Total                            $ 3,604       100.0  %   $ 5,125        100.0 %   $ 9,862        100.0 %   $ 9,441        100.0 %

* Reflects the reversal during the second quarter of 2008 of $2.0 million torch revenue recognized in the first quarter of 2008.

Cost of Goods Sold

We are a semi-fabless company. We outsource wafer production to third-party foundries and complete the post-CMOS MEMS and most of the packaging, assembly and testing functions in-house. We also purchase our ceramic packaging materials from third-party suppliers. Cost of goods sold consists of: (i) cost of wafer, ceramic and other materials purchased from third parties; (ii) manufacturing overhead, primarily consisting of salaries and wages of our quality control employees and manufacturing-related management employees, depreciation, and equipment and parts; (iii) direct labor, primarily consisting of salaries and wages of our manufacturing operators; and (iv) outsourced processing fees paid to our third-party packaging service providers.

Our relationships with third-party foundry and packaging service providers do not provide for guaranteed levels of production capacity at pre-determined prices. As a result, our outsourcing costs relating to wafer production, and to a lesser extent, packaging services, are susceptible to changes based on conditions in the global semiconductor market and our service providers' available capacity.

Prior to August 30, 2007 we deferred recognition of cost of goods sold for a major distributor, WPI, which did not meet the criteria of SFAS 48, until the product was sold through to WPI's OEM and ODM customers. WPI accounted for 34.6% of our revenue in 2006 and 55.3% of our revenue in 2007. On August 30, 2007, we amended the distributor agreement with WPI to allow for returns only upon our approval. Accordingly, the criteria under SFAS No. 48 have been met for this distributor as of August 30, 2007, and subsequent to that date we have recognized the cost of goods sold as the related products are sold. For all shipments to WPI made prior to August 30, 2007, we continued to recognize costs related to products once sold by WPI to its OEM and ODM customers.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Historically, our gross profit has generally experienced growth in line with increases in our revenue, and in recent years our gross margin has remained relatively stable, at 65.1%, 67.0%, and 68.1%, respectively, in 2007, 2006 and 2005. However, our gross profit and gross margin may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of a variety of factors, including average selling prices of our products, our product application mix, prices of wafers, excess and obsolete inventory, pricing by competitors, changes in production yields, and percentage of sales conducted through distributors. Our products for mobile phone applications, which are sold to distributor customers, have historically had lower margins than our products for automotive products, which are sold directly to our OEM and ODM customers, and these margins have continued to decline due to competitive price pressure in this market. The increase in the percentage of our net sales in products for mobile phone applications in recent years has therefore had an adverse effect on our overall gross margin. The slowdown of the China mobile phone market in 2008 has caused severe pricing competition, which caused our gross margin to decline. The reversal of $2.0 million in sales of printed circuit boards to be used in the Olympic torch project also negatively impacted our gross profit by $2.0 million and reduced our gross margin by approximately 22% in the second quarter of 2008.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses are recognized as they are incurred and primarily consist of salaries and wages of research and development employees; research costs, primarily consisting of mask costs and prototype wafers, consulting fees paid for outside design services; travel and other expenses; and stock-based compensation under SFAS 123(R) attributable to our research and development employees.


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Historically, research and development expenses have increased both in absolute terms and as a percentage of total net sales. We expect this trend to continue for the foreseeable future as we seek to diversify into non-accelerometer products and hire additional employees in connection with the new research and development institute that we established in the second quarter of 2007.

The increase in our research and development expenses as a percentage of our net sales in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, like that of our other operating expenses, was also influenced by the reversal in the second quarter of $2.0 million of revenue related to the Olympic torch project.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of wages, salaries and commissions for our sales and marketing personnel; consulting expenses, primarily consisting of sales consulting services and software application consulting services; travel expenses; independent sales representatives commissions; office rental; market promotion and other expenses; and stock-based compensation under SFAS 123(R). We expect sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase as we hire additional sales and marketing personnel, expand our sales and marketing network and engage in additional marketing and promotional activities. However, we expect that such expenses will decrease as a percentage of net sales over the remainder of 2008.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and wages for administrative personnel; costs for professional services, including legal, tax and accounting services; depreciation and amortization expenses for non-manufacturing equipment; travel expenses; office supply and other office-related expenses; office rental expenses; other expenses, such as utilities, insurance and provision for accounts receivable; and stock-based compensation under SFAS 123(R). We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase as we hire additional personnel and incur costs related to the anticipated growth of our business and our operations as a public company. Our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of our net sales increased in the second quarter of 2008, due primarily to the reversal of $2.0 million of revenue related to the Olympic torch project during the quarter. However, we expect that such expenses will decrease as a percentage of net sales over the remainder of 2008.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense), primarily consists of interest income earned on our investments of cash and cash equivalents, and interest expense incurred on our borrowings and net foreign currency exchange gains and losses.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

We conduct sales through our headquarters in Andover, Massachusetts. Our Wuxi subsidiary, MEMSIC Semiconductor, is primarily engaged in manufacturing and engineering activities and generally does not conduct direct sales to customers. For internal accounting and PRC tax purposes, we account for the transfers of goods from our Wuxi subsidiary, MEMSIC Semiconductor, to our U.S. headquarters as sales, and calculate the transfer price of such sales based on a markup of manufacturing and operating costs. We believe the prices of these sales were consistent with the prevailing market prices.

U.S. Tax

In the United States, we are subject to the federal income tax and the Massachusetts state income tax, which are approximately at the rates of 34% and 9.5%, respectively. We utilized federal net operating losses, or NOLs, of $1.9 million and state NOLs of $1.7 million in 2007. As of December 31, 2007, we had NOLs of approximately $15,000, which will expire in 2023, and no state NOL carryforwards. We may be subject to Section 382 of the United States Internal Revenue Code which imposes certain limitations on net operating losses that we could utilize in the event of an ownership change of our company. However, we do not believe the impact of any such limitations would have a material impact on our ability to utilize our remaining federal NOL carryforward.

Our policy is to reinvest any earnings of MEMSIC Semiconductor in our Chinese operations. We have not provided for the U.S. income taxes that could result from the distribution of such earnings to the U.S. parent. If these


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earnings were ultimately distributed to the U.S. in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if the shares of MEMSIC Semiconductor were sold or transferred, we would be subject to additional U.S. income taxes on these undistributed earnings.

PRC Tax

Our PRC taxes primarily consist of enterprise income tax, value-added tax, and certain other miscellaneous taxes. As of December 31, 2007, our Wuxi subsidiary, MEMSIC Semiconductor, had no PRC NOL carryforwards available to offset future PRC enterprise income tax and entered into the first year of the two year tax exemption period.

Enterprise Income Tax

PRC enterprise income tax is calculated based on taxable income determined under PRC accounting principles. Prior to January 1, 2008, according to the applicable PRC tax laws, foreign investment enterprises, or FIEs, incorporated in the PRC were generally subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 33%. A high-technology FIE registered and operating in a designated high-technology zone would be entitled to a preferential enterprise income tax rate of 15%, whereas a manufacturing FIE that was scheduled to operate for no less than 10 years was eligible for an exemption from state income taxes for two years starting from its first profit-making year, followed by a 50% reduction in the succeeding three years. The qualification of a "high-technology" FIE was subject to a biennial evaluation by the relevant government authority in China.

Our Wuxi subsidiary, MEMSIC Semiconductor, as a high-technology FIE registered and operating in a designated high-technology zone and a manufacturing FIE that is scheduled to operate for no less than 10 years, was entitled to a preferential enterprise income tax rate of 15% as well as a five-year tax holiday, pursuant to which it was exempted from paying the enterprise income tax for 2007, the year in which it first had positive accumulated earnings, and 2008, followed by a 50% reduction from 2009 to 2011.

On March 16, 2007, the National People's Congress approved and promulgated a new tax law named "Enterprise Income Tax Law," which took effect beginning . . .

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